This is a compound tense, so two verbs are required: the main verb and the past participle of whatever verb you're using. The past participle does not have to agree in gender or number with the subject. The formula is:
HABER + PAST PARTICIPLE OF VERB
| Main verb: HABER |
Past Participle |
|
| he |
hemos |
| has |
habéis |
| ha |
han |
|
|
Some examples:
- I have finished the work. = Yo he terminado el trabajo.
- She has read the book. = Ella ha leído el libro.
- We have ridden the horse. = Nosotros hemos montado el caballo.
Irregular past participles:
Some past participles are irregular in all the perfect tenses.
- For -er and -ir verbs, if the stem ends in a vowel, a written accent will be required.
- Some verbs are irregular in the past participle form, so these verbs are considered irregular in the perfect tense. Here are the most common irregular past participles:
| ADD ACCENT |
Irregular |
| creer |
creído |
| leer |
leído |
| oir |
oído |
| traer |
traído |
|
| abrir |
abierto |
| cubrir |
cubierto |
| decir |
dicho |
| escribir |
escrito |
| freír |
frito |
| hacer |
hecho |
| morir |
muerto |
| poner |
puesto |
| resolver |
resuelto |
| romper |
roto |
| ver |
visto |
| volver |
vuelto |
|